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The How of Science

Today I read more of Infinite Powers. I’ve finished the section on Archimedes and moved on to the next protagonist of Strogatz’s tale, Galileo. What I read about him today proved interesting. I don’t think I ever knew that he discovered the properties of falling bodies, not by dropping balls vertically, but by rolling them down ramps. Perhaps if I had ever taken a traditional physic course, I would have learned that. On the other hand, perhaps this is an example of the tendency in science education to present results without explaining how they were discovered. My scientist father has lamented the disservice that approach does to the subject.

I suppose the analog in math education is the fact that nearly all pre-college math courses are focused on calculation rather than proof. (Traditionally, the exception was geometry, but I think that is often calculation-focused now, as well. My course was, for the most part.) I don’t know whether that is a disservice or not. For me, proof is the most exciting thing. I enjoyed math in middle school and high school, but didn’t truly love it until I was aske to discover and prove facts for myself. I think I’m probably in the minority there, though. Most people, to the extent that they are interested in math at all, are interested in its applications.

Book Report

Today I felt unwell again. I also had a discussion with my father about approximating pi, however, that inspired me to do some research on the subject. I ended up reading the historical section of the Wikipedia article on pi. When I was in college, the consensus was that you should never read about math on Wikipedia. My understanding is that the mathematical articles have improved since then, however, and since I’m sure there are many eyes on this particular article, I decided it would serve my purpose.

As I told my father, ancient mathematicians (such as Archimedes, but also including mathematicians in India and China) calculated pi by approximating the circumference of a circle using the perimeters of polygons with increasingly many sides. According to the article, after 1500, mathematicians in both Europe and India began to use infinite series that could be shown to converge to pi, instead. In the 20th century, they continued to use infinite series, but also developed very fast iterative algorithms in which each step involved applying the same calculation to the results of the previous step. Computers following these algorithms were able to generate millions of digits of pi. Currently, the limiting factor in finding new digits of pi seems to be, not processor speed, but availability of storage for the huge numbers needed for each calculation.

Improvements

So far, this week is going better than last week. I did feel unwell for part of today, but I also finished the set of calculus exercises I had been working on and read part of the next section in my textbook. I’ve been hoping for a while to experiment with two study periods, one for calculus review and one more open-ended. That did not happen today but perhaps conditions will be favorable tomorrow or Wednesday.

Soothing Math

Today I finished listening to A Brief History of Mathematics. I also found and listened to an audio excerpt from the 1888 book A Short Account of the History of Mathematics by W. W. Rouse Ball. The recording was made to be used as a sleep aid and is designed to be soothing, which seemed appropriate. Finally, inspired by the Banach-Tarski video from yesterday, I spent some time thinking about the sizes of infinite sets. They weren’t very deep thoughts, but perhaps I will share them in the next few days.

99 Problems

Things are still not going well. I’m experiencing a lot more anxiety than I have for a long time and struggling to cope. I did watch some math YouTube videos today, however. Among them was one about the Banach-Tarski Paradox, which reminded me of a joke I read once: “I’ve got 99 problems, but Banach-Tarski is 198 of them.” (For the uninitiated, the Banach-Tarski Paradox concerns how a solid, such as a sphere, can be split into two perfect copies of itself. It’s pretty wild, and I didn’t fully understand the argument. I think I’m going to look for another video on the same topic.)

Blah

Today I felt unwell both mentally and physically. Most of my study was listening to A Brief History of Mathematics, though I also read part of an article by Martin Gardner on Penrose tilings. Hopefully tomorrow will be better.

Vacation Day 3

I woke up fairly depressed this morning. I ended up staying in bed listening to A Brief History of Mathematics rather than getting up to work from my calc book, as I had the previous two days. Among other things, the section I listened to described the discoveries of the mathematician Georg Cantor, who may have been bipolar, too. At the least, he was repeatedly hospitalized for depression.

I am traveling home tomorrow, so I will be taking the day off study and blogging. Expect me back on Monday.